Tag: The Mother of God

  • The Hymn of Saint Cuchumneus in Praise of the Blessed Virgin

    Below is a hymn in honour of the Mother of God attributed to Saint Cuchumneus (Cú Chuimne), whose death is recorded in the Irish Annals in the 740s. Hymns like this gave a certain measure of discomfort to the 19th-century Protestant scholars who translated the Irish Liber Hymnorum, as they were convinced that the ‘Celtic Church’ shared their own ‘reformed’ outlook. It was to counter such views that Catholic writers of the period presented the early Irish church as entirely Catholic, a viewpoint with no more doughty a champion than the then Vice-Rector of the Irish College at Rome and future Cardinal,  Patrick Francis Moran (1830-1911). In an 1864 essay on Devotion to the Blessed Virgin he published the text of this hymn and a translation by Father Thomas Potter (1828-1873,) an English hymn writer and convert to Catholicism who taught at All Hallows’ College in Dublin. There have been more literal translations of the hymn in recent years, but below is both the Latin original and Father Potter’s translation of the hymn Cantemus in omni die:

    St. Cuchumneus, a contemporary of Adamnan, towards the close of the sixth century, composed a Latin hymn in honour of the Mother of God, which soon became celebrated, and had a place assigned to it amongst the liturgical hymns of our Church. The German hymnologist, Mone, discovered three MSS. of this hymn, one belonging to the ninth, the others to the eighth century. Colgan, too, had an ancient copy of it in his possession, and it is also contained in the celebrated Liber Hymnorum, from which we now present it to the reader:

    Hymnus S. Cuchumnei in laudem B. Virginis.

    1. “Cantemus in omni die concinentes varie,
    Conclamantes Deo dignum hymnum sanctae Mariae.

    2. “Bis per chorum hinc et inde collaudamus Mariam,
    Ut vox pulset omnem aurem per laudem vicariam.

    3. “Maria de tribu Juda, summi mater Domini,
    Opportunam dedit curam aegrotanti homini.

    4. “Gabriel advexit verbum sinu Patris paterno,
    Quod conceptum et susceptum in utero materno.

    5. “Haec est summa, haec est sancta, virgo venerabilis,
    Quae ex fide non lecessit sed extitit stabilis.

    6. “Huic matri nec inventa ante nec post similis
    Nec de prole fuit plane humanae originis.

    7. “Per mulierem et lignum mundus prius periit,
    Per mulieris virtutem, ad salutem rediit.

    8. “Maria mater miranda patrem suum edidit,
    Per quem aqua late lotus totus mundus credidit.

    9. “Haec concepit margaritam, non sunt vana somnia, 
    Pro qua sane Christiani vendunt sua omnia.

    10. “Tunicam per totum textam Christo mater fecerat,
    Quae peracta Christi morte, sorte statim steterat.

    11. “Induamus arma lucis loricam et galeam,
    Ut simus Deo perfecti, suscepti per Mariana.

    12. “Amen, amen, adjuramus merita puerperae,
    Ut non possit flamma pyrae nos dirae decerpere.

    13. “Christi nomen invocemus angelis sub testibus,
    Ut fruamur et scribamur litteris coelestibus.

    “Cantemus in omni”, etc.

    TRANSLATION.

    Hymn of Saint Cuchumneus

    1. “In alternate measure chanting, daily sing we Mary’s praise,
    And, in strains of glad rejoicing, to the Lord our voices raise.

    2. “With a two-fold choir repeating Mary’s never dying fame,
    Let each ear the praises gather, which our grateful tongues proclaim.

    3. “Judah’s ever-glorious daughter chosen mother of the Lord-
    Who, to weak and fallen manhood all its ancient worth restored.

    4. “From the everlasting Father, Gabriel brought the glad decree,
    That, the Word Divine conceiving, she should set poor sinners free.

    5. “Of all virgins pure, the purest ever stainless, ever bright
    Still from grace to grace advancing fairest daughter of the light.

    6. “Wondrous title who shall tell it? whilst the Word divine she bore,
    Though in mother’s name rejoicing, virgin purer than before!

    7. “By a woman’s disobedience, eating the forbidden tree,
    Was the world betray ‘d and ruin’d was by woman’s aid set free.

    8. “In mysterious mode a mother, Mary did her God conceive,
    By whose grace, through saving waters, man did heav’nly truth receive.

    9. “By no empty dreams deluded, for the pearl which Mary bore,
    Men, all earthly wealth resigning, still are rich for evermore.

    10. ” For her Son a seamless tunic Mary’s careful hand did weave;
    O’er that tunic fiercely gambling, sinners Mary’s heart did grieve.

    11. “Clad in helmet of salvation clad in breast-plate shining bright
    May the hand of Mary guide us to the realms of endless light.

    12. “Amen, amen, loudly cry we may she, when the fight is won,
    O’er avenging fires triumphing, lead us safely to her Son.

    13. ” Holy angels gathering round us, lo, His saving name we greet,
    Writ in books of life eternal, may we still that name repeat!

    ” In alternate measure chanting”, etc.

    [We are indebted for this translation to the kindness of Rev. Mr. Potter, All Hallows’ College.]

    …. Each strophe of the above hymn of St. Cuchumneus proclaims some prerogative of the holy Virgin. She is “the Mother of the great Lord,” “the greatest, the holy venerable Virgin;” “none, throughout all time, is found like unto her,” … She it is that gives a healing remedy for the wounds of man; and as the world was once ruined by Eve and the forbidden tree, so through the virtue of this new Eve is it restored to the blessings of Heaven. Hers it was to weave the seamless garment of Christ, emblem of the Church’s unity;  and hers is it now to present us to God, and protect us from all the attacks of the evil one.

    Rev. Dr. P. F. Moran, Essays on the Origin, Doctrines and Discipline of the Early Irish Church, (Dublin, 1864), 225-228.

    Note: This post, first published in 2017, was revised in 2023.

     

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  • 'The Clouds are Her Chariot' – The Feast of the Assumption, August 15

    August 15 is the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and below are a couple of brief quotations relating to the feast connected with the monastery of Bobbio. Bobbio was, of course, founded by the Irish Saint Columbanus. In the late seventeenth century, a visiting Benedictine monk, Jean Mabillon, visited Bobbio and discovered in its library a wonderful codex dating from a thousand years earlier. The ‘Bobbio Missal’, as the codex is now known, has been described as ‘one of the most intriguing liturgical manuscripts that were produced in Merovingian Francia’. Earlier generations of scholars were keen to assert a firm Irish provenance for this seventh-century Gallican liturgy, but modern scholars have failed to prove any direct Irish link, apart from the manuscript’s location at Bobbio. In her 1938 historical account of Irish devotion to the Blessed Virgin, Helena Concannon quoted some snippets from it relating to today’s feast:

    From the Mass for the Feast of the Assumption found in the Bobbio Missal:

    “…her soul is wreathed with various crowns; the apostles render sacred homage to her, the angels intone their canticles, Christ embraces her, the clouds are her chariot, paradise her dwelling, where, decked with glory, she reigns amidst the virgin-choirs.”

    From a Sermon on the Assumption Preached at Bobbio:

    “Celebrating today (the preacher says) the Assumption of the Holy Mother Mary, dearest Brethern, it behoves you to rejoice in spirit, in that God has willed for your salvation to raise her from the earthly dwellings to the heavenly mansions. The Mother of Our Lord is assumed today by God, the Creator of all things, to the heavenly kingdom, and she who by her chaste child-bearing brought life to the human race, today ascends to Heaven to pray to God at all times for us. Let it be our prayer, whilst we keep the day of the Assumption, that she may assist us by her merits, and may protect us from the snares of Satan, that so through her we may deserve to attain the joys of Paradise.”

    The Queen of Ireland – An Historical Account of Ireland’s Devotion to the Blessed Virgin by Mrs Helena Concannon (Dublin, 1938), 41-42.

    Content Copyright © Omnium Sanctorum Hiberniae 2012-2017. All rights reserved.

  • The Feast of the Nativity of Our Lady

    September 8 is the feast of The Nativity of Our Lady. Like all of the major Marian feasts, this commemoration was introduced to the West from the Eastern church. The feast appears in the earliest Irish calendars with the Martyrology of Tallaght simply recording:

    Natiuitas Mariae matris Iesu, the birthday of Mary the mother of Jesus.

    The slightly later Martyrology of Oengus makes it clear that this is a feast rather than a fast day:

    F. vi. idus Septembris.

    Foraithmentar Maire,
    nit marbclae for tercphit,
    la Tiamdae iar sétaib
    co trib cétaib martir.

    8. Thou shalt commemorate Mary:
    thou art not deadened on a scanty meal:
    with Timothy after (the world’s) ways,
    and three hundreds of martyrs.

    The accompanying scholiast notes spell it out:

    8. …quassi dixisset ne ieiunes in feria Marie, thou shouldst not fast on Mary’s feast.

    The late 12th-century Martyrology of Gorman begins it’s entries for September 8 with this notice:

    8. f.

    Noemghein Maire móre, Great Mary’s holy nativity

    Canon O’Hanlon, in Volume 9 of his Lives of the Irish Saints, has this short entry on the feast, noting that in some parts of the country popular devotion at holy wells was evident on this day:

    Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

    In the ancient Irish Church, the Festival of the Birth of our Divine Lord’s Mother was celebrated on the eighth day of September, as we learn from the Feilire of Aengus. On this there is a short comment. About the year 695, this feast was appointed by Pope Servius. In various parts of Ireland, this festival was celebrated formerly with very special devotion, as parishes, churches and chapels had been dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, and this was a favoured festival day. The patrons or patterns that until of late were yearly celebrated very conclusively attest it. In Kilnenor parish, County of Wexford, there is a holy well, at which a patron was formerly held on the 8th of September. According to a pious tradition, a concert of angels is said to have been heard in the air to solemnize the Nativity or Birthday of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

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