OMNIUM SANCTORUM HIBERNIAE

ALL THE SAINTS OF IRELAND

  • Saint Rufin of Glendalough, April 22

    April 22 is the commemoration of a saint of Glendalough, the famous monastic foundation of Saint Kevin. As Canon O’Hanlon explains, Saint Rufin (Rufus, Ruiffine, Ruffinus) may also have a connection with the northern monastery of Bangor:
    ST. RUFIN, BISHOP OF GLENDALOUGH, COUNTY OF WICKLOW, AND OF BANGOR, COUNTY OF DOWN.
    [SEVENTH CENTURY.]
    ACCORDING to accounts, furnished in our Calendars, this holy man appears to have enjoyed the episcopal dignity—or, at least, he led a religious life, in two different and very distant localities of Ireland. Thus, St. Rufin, or Rufiinus, is said to have been Bishop of Glendalough, in the county of Wicklow, and, likewise, to have been of Bangor, in the county of Down, according to a statement, furnished by Archdall, and, on the authority of Ward. This is to be found, in the Historic Dissertation concerning the country of St. Rumold, as postfixed to his Acts. In the Tallagh Martyrology, the festival “Rufini Glinn da locha” is entered, at the x. of the Kalends of May, corresponding with the 22nd of April. In this instance, therefore, nothing is to be found, which warrants an assumption, that he was bishop. Nor, do we find any reference to him, in the Annals of the Four Masters. He seems to have had a religious connexion, both with Bangor and with Glendalough; and, probably, he exercised the monastic profession, in both places. We are inclined to believe, however, that Rufin possibly received his education, only at Bangor; for, his name does not appear in the list of its abbots, or bishops, which has come down to our times. It may be, that this holy man, attracted by the reputation of the great St. Kevin, left Bangor, to place himself under direction of such a master of the spiritual life, and, in his quiet retreat, at Glendalough; for, both appear to have lived as contemporaries, some time after that monastic establishment had been built by the founder…
    …St. Kevin is said to have died,in the year 617, or 618; while St. Rufus is made to precede St. Colman, Abbot of Glendalough, who departed on the 2nd of December, 659. Therefore, we may suppose him to have lived, about the middle of the seventh century. From notices regarding St. Rufin, and the position he is made to occupy, we should be inclined to infer, that he must have immediately succeeded St. Kevin. Our holy bishop’s name, Rufin, sometimes rendered Rufus, usually occurs after that of Molibba; but, the date for his death has not transpired. It is likely, St Rufin had been interred at Glendalough. According to Ward and Archdall, St. Rufin’s commemoration was observed, on the 22nd of April. His name appears, in the Martyrology of Tallagh, at the same date, and it is entered, as Rufin Glinn da locha, while to this should probably be added, Bennchair. It is registered, in the Martyrology of Donegal, that veneration was paid, on this day, to Ruiffine, Bishop of Gleann-da-loch, and of Bennchar. The name of this saint has received the Latin form, Ruffinus. At the x. of the May Kalends—corresponding with April 22nd—the Irish Calendar, which is in the Royal Irish Academy, has an entry of this saint, in connexion with Glendalough and Bangor. Under the head of Glenn-da-locha, Duald Mac Firbis enters, Ruifin, Bishop of Glenn-da-locha, and of Bangor, at April 22nd.
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  • Saint Maelrubha of Bangor, April 21

     

    April 21 is the feastday of a northern saint, Maelrubha, who first enjoyed a career at Bangor monastery but then went on to found his own establishment at Applecross in Scotland. It is interesting to note that the Irish and Scottish sources do not agree in their presentation of this saint. The Irish see him as a monastic founder who carried the Bangor connection across to Scotland where he died peacefully at the age of eighty. The Scottish sources accept the Irish birth and Bangor connection of their saint of Applecross, but go on to make him a martyr of the Vikings and commemorate him on August 27. The scholarly Irish Anglican Bishop, William Reeves, believed that the Scots had confounded the Irish abbot with another saint and laid out a detailed body of evidence in a paper on Saint Maelrubha published in an antiquarian journal in 1862. The paper is too long to be reprinted here, but the volume is available through Google Books and at the Internet Archive. Fortunately the author made a summary of the Irish evidence, both from the calendars and from other sources, which will serve as an introduction to Saint Maelrubha as the Irish saw him:
    …April 21 being established as the day of his death, we refer to the Irish calendars, where we find the following interesting notices. And first, the Feilire or Festival-book of Aengus the Culdee, a writer who flourished in the early part of the ninth century; —
    “In Alba, in purity.
    After abandoning all happiness,
    Hath gone from us to his mother,
    Our brother Maelrubha.”
    Upon which is written the following note by an early hand: —
    “and it is in Alba he is, i.e., in Conpur Crossan ; and this the festival of his death. Subtan, daughter of Setna, and sister of Comgall of Bennchar, was his mother; and in Aburchresen his church is”
    Next in order is the Martyrology of Tamlacht, an ancient calendar, which simply gives under each day the name of the saint and his principal church. At the 21st of April it has the commemoration,
    ” Of Maelrubha of Bangor.”
    The Calendar of Marian Gorman, compiled about the year 1167, commemorates, at same day,
    ” Maelruba the holy.”
    Upon which is the gloss, “Abbot of Benchar.”
    Lastly, the Calendar of Donegall, collected from ancient authorities, by the O’Clerys, in the early part of the seventeenth century, thus notices the saint: —
    “Maelrubha, son of Elganach, of the race of Eoghan, son of Niall, abbot of Benchar; and he blessed also [a place] in Scotland, i.e., in Apur Crossan, A.D. 721. Eighty years was his age when he resigned his spirit. Suaibhsech the name of his mother. Or, it was Subtan, daughter of Sedna, sister of Comgall, was his mother.”
    From the above, it may be seen that all the Irish authorities, both Annals and Calendars, are unanimous in referring his death to the 21st of April.
    The following is a connected summary of the preceding observations: —
    St Maelrubha, son of Elgana and Subtan, descended on his father’s side from Niall the Great, through the Cinel Owen race; and by his mother, from the Dalaradian stock, and, through her, nearly related to St Comgall, was born on the 3d of January 642. He received his early training at his kinsman’s famous monastery of Bangor, where he rose so much in esteem that, according to some authorities, he became the abbot, or what is more probable, was appointed to the subordinate station of prior. In 671, having attained his twenty-ninth year, he left his native country and withdrew to Scotland. Two years, which were probably spent in choosing a place of abode, having elapsed, he settled in 673, at Apurcrossan, the north-west coast of Scotland, where he founded a church, which became the nucleus of a conventual establishment, following the order of Bangor, and for a long period affiliated to that monastery.
    After a presidency of fifty-one years, during which time he enjoyed a character of great sanctity, he died a natural death at Apurcrossan, on Tuesday, the 21st day of April 722, at the age of eighty years, three months, and nineteen days.
    Such is the Irish statement of his history, and it is too circumstantial and too well attested to admit of its being called in question. Scottish authorities, while they agree with the Irish in coupling the name and memory of the saint with Applecross, as his principal church, differ very materially from them as to his date, history, and festival. Indeed, it is difficult to avoid the alternative of supposing that they have confounded the acts of two saints, or, that a good deal of what is set down to Maelrubha by them, is gathered from comparatively recent and debased tradition…
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  • Saint Sinach of Inis Clothrainn, April 20

    On April 20 we commemorate Saint Sinach, a 7th/8th century abbot of Iniscloghran, the island monastery on Lough Ree founded by Saint Diarmaid.  Canon O’Hanlon has few details of Saint Sinach’s career to bring us, but records the various sources where the details of his commemoration and the date of his death are to be found:

    ST. SINAG, OR SINACH, OF INISCLOGHRAN, ON LOUGH REE, COUNTY OF LONGFORD.

    [SEVENTH AND EIGHTH CENTURIES.]

    THE entry of this saint’s name, without any further distinction, occurs, in the Tallaght Martyrology, at the xii. of the May Kalends, or at the 20th of April. The Bollandists have not a notice of his name, at this day. On the River Shannon’s noble Lough Ree, so beautifully diversified with islands, there is one of singular picturesqueness, formerly Latinized Inisense, or Insulense, and by the Irish called Inis Chlothrinn, said to have derived its name from Clorina, who was sister to Maeve, or Mab, Queen of Connaught… Here, in the sixth century, St. Diarmaid, or Diermit, chose his place of retreat, and he established a monastic institute, where several religious men placed themselves under his direction….If we are to credit Archdall, St. Sinach was an Abbot there; and, this account seems probable, as he has had annalistic commemoration. Of this saint, we know but little. His death, which took place, on the 20th day of April, A.D. 719, is recorded [in the Annals of the Four Masters]. This entry is not to be found, however, in the Annals of Ulster. In the Irish Calendar, now preserved in the Royal Irish Academy, his festival is recorded [as Sionach Innis Clothrann Anno. Dom. 719].

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